Razia Sultan History – First Woman Ruler of Delhi

Razia Sultan History:

Razia Sultan’s History can impress the present women generation. She was the first female ruler of Delhi from 1236 AD to 1240 AD and was well-known as India’s first Muslim female ruler. As a woman ruler, she created historical significance in Indian history. She was born in 1205 AD in Budaun, India. Her father’s name was Shams-ud-din, and Razia Sultan, his only daughter to him, belonged to Persia Province and had come to Delhi as an enslaved person working under the Sultan of Delhi Qutb-ud-din. Her father was humble and hardworking, impressed Sultan Qutb-ud-din, and appointed Sha,ms-ud-din as a provincial governor. He played a significant role in the governance. In the pay of gratitude, Qut-ud-din gave his daughter as the bride to the Sultan.

Razia Sultan Early Life:

In 1210 AD, Qutb-ud-din died, and his son Aram Baksh came to the throne as the inheritance. But Aram Baksh failed to show his significance to the administration, proving him to be an incompetent ruler. Then Iltutmish took over the throne from Aram Baksh with the support of Amirs and Turkish noble families. Iltutmish administrated Delhi, leading the army on the enemies with efficient war skills. He also encouraged his children, including Razia Sultan, to receive martial arts and administration. But his three sons spent most of their time enjoying life’s pleasures and did not become efficient in learning martial arts and administration. Instead, his daughter became skilled in martial arts and war administration. So Iltutmish broke away from Muslim tradition and named her his heir to the Delhi sultanate.

Razia Sultan History Creation:

Istutmish died on 30 April 1236 AD; as his wish, Razia Sultan became the Sultan of Delhi. But the Muslim clergy and noble people did not favour creating Razia’s history by becoming the Sultan. Due to the dramatic events, her brother Firuz became the Sultan of Delhi. Rukuuddin Firuz was a weak ruler and not concentrating on administration. He profoundly immersed himself in pursuit of pleasures. So his mother interrupted the administration and started ruling in favour of Firuz. However, on 9 November 1236 AD, Ruknuddin and his mother, Shah Turkaan, were assassinated; Razia Sultan came to the throne on 10 November 1236 AD with the name of Jalalat Ud-Din Raziya. She adopted men’s attire and started moving into society without the veil. The changes in her dress code of Islam and putting aside the traditional orthodox beliefs made angry to the conservative Muslim community.

History of Razia Sultan as the ruler of Delhi:

As a Sultan, she brought many reforms in the administration and suppressed the enemy attacks. Their brave decisions and administration skills made her a good ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. She bravely attacked the enemy territories and merged them into the sultanate to strengthen the Kingdom. They became very popular as a good administrator and skilled warrior quickly. She established many schools to educate all the children in her province. Opened the libraries to share knowledge with the public and invited Hindu scholars to share their experiences with Muslim Scholars.

Downfall:

However, once the supported Turkish Nobles became very jealous of her and did not digest how a woman could become the Sultan. They planned to revolt against the queen to dethrone from Delhi Sultanate. Then Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Aitigin, the governor of Bhatinda, raised a revolt against her and took Raziya as a prisoner with the support of Altunia, the childhood friend of Raziya.

Razia Sultan Love Life and Death:

In her personal life, she was passionate about the Abyssinian enslaved person, Jamaluddin Yaqut. The rumours of the love story spread throughout Delhi. Unfortunately, the yacht was killed in the battle between Razia and Petunia. After Razia Sultan was defeated, Altunia captured and imprisoned her at Qila Mubarak at Bathinda. Raziya and Altunia were childhood friends; some historians believe they were in deep love. So She was treated royally, even as a prisoner, and eventually, the couple married. After their marriage, the couple decided to return to the Kingdom from Razia Sultan’s brother. Unfortunately, Razia Sultan’s husband was defeated in the war, and both fled Delhi from the battle with their lives. Unfortunately, while escaping, the Jats were captured in a forest and killed on 13 October 1240 AD. Razia Sultan’s history combined daring, revolution, sorrow, and tragedy.